Knowledge Centre

Liver & Digestive Health

Stomach, bowel, liver and gallbladder: the symptoms, the tests, and when an endoscopy actually helps.

Article illustration: Signs of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
Medical articles Liver & Digestive Health
Published: 1 October 2026 10 min read

Signs of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

Persistent or night-time diarrhoea, blood in the stool, unintentional weight loss or anaemia deserve medical assessment rather than an assumption of IBS. Learn how ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease differ, and how faecal calprotectin and colonoscopy fit into diagnosis.

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Article illustration: Peptic ulcer symptoms, causes and warning signs
Medical articles Liver & Digestive Health
Published: 1 October 2026 9 min read

Peptic ulcer symptoms, causes and warning signs

A stomach or duodenal ulcer may cause upper-abdominal pain or burning, yet it can remain silent until bleeding occurs. Learn the two main causes, when symptoms may warrant endoscopy, and which warning signs need emergency care.

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Article illustration: Heartburn in pregnancy: when to discuss it with your care team
Medical articles Liver & Digestive Health
Published: 11 September 2026 12 min read

Heartburn in pregnancy: when to discuss it with your care team

Heartburn and acid reflux are among the most common symptoms in pregnancy, but not every upper-abdominal burning or pain is benign indigestion. A comprehensive clinical guide to causes of pregnancy reflux, red flags requiring assessment, and safe stepped-care management.

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Article illustration: Persistent abdominal bloating: when to see a doctor
Medical articles Liver & Digestive Health
Published: 11 September 2026 15 min read

Persistent abdominal bloating: when to see a doctor

Occasional bloating is a common digestive complaint often tied to meals or gas, but persistent or recurrent symptoms require careful clinical evaluation. Understand the difference between bloating and visible distension, common causes from IBS to motility disorders, and the red-flag signs that need urgent medical attention.

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